SUD is traditionally related to abnormal dopamine release and sensitivity in the brain reward system.
Thus, the neurobiological model of drug addiction has proposed a complex interaction between biological and environmental factors and created new integrative perspectives for prevention, treatment, and pharmacological targets ( 5). In addition to the influences of biological, cultural, social, economic, and psychological factors on individuals with SUD ( 3), studies in animal models and humans have shown that psychoactive substance use induces epigenetic, molecular, structural, and functional changes to the brain ( 4).
ARE THERE ANY CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR USING BRAIN GYM PROGRAM MANUAL
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V 2013) classifies drug addiction as a substance use disorder (SUD) when an individual meets two or more of the following criteria regarding the use of psychoactive substances: tolerance, craving, repeated attempts to stop use, or social, personal, physical, or psychological problems related to drug use ( 2). Finally, we propose an integrative cognitive-psychobiological model of exercise for use in future research in drug addiction and practical guidance in clinical settings.Īddiction to psychoactive substances (e.g., nicotine, cocaine, marijuana, alcohol, heroin, inhalants, LSD, and ecstasy) is a public health problem of the modern world ( 1).
Moreover, we describe the neurobiological mechanisms by which exercise-induced neuroplasticity in the prefrontal cortex improves executive functions and may decrease compulsive behaviors in individuals prone to substance use disorders. Here, we review studies in humans using cognitive behavioral responses and neuroimaging techniques, which reveal that exercise can be an effective auxiliary treatment for drug addictive disorders. While some studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of physical exercise in treating and preventing addictive behaviors, few studies have investigated its cognitive and neurobiological contributions to drug-addicted brains. Physical exercise has been proven to improve brain function and cognition in both healthy and clinical populations. Chronic use of psychoactive substances has been shown to induce structural and functional changes in the brain that impair cognitive control and favor compulsive seeking behavior.
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